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일반명 : 암모스어금니(Woolly mammoth teeth)
학명 : Mammuthus primigenius
지질시대 후기플라이스토세(late pleistocene)
원산지 : 러시아(Yuribei River on the Gyda Penisula, NW Siberia, Russia)
비고 : 울리메머드의 어금니는 유치와 성인치로 나누고 있는데 표본은 아마도 유치일것으로 보고 있다. 일반적으로 유치는 성인치아가 나오면서 밀어내므로 빠져버리는것이 보통이며, 빠지지 않는 경우는 별로 없다. 그러나 표본의 어금니는 아래턱의 어딘가에 걸려서 빠지지 않고 일그러진모습으로 많은시간을 보낸뒤 결국빠진것으로 보고 있는 표본이다.
이와같은 표본은 만에하나정도 나오는 메머드의 뻐드렁니라고 할수 있겠다.
이 표본은 러시아수집가에게서 구입한것으로 매우중요한 표본이라고 누누히 강조하던모습이 떠오르는 표본이다.
울리메머드(원시메머드)는 또는 툰두라메머드라고도말하는데 이것은 멸종한 메머드의 한 종을 말한다. 이 동물은 러시아의 동토에서는 피부까지 있는 화석이발견되었으며 북아메리카와 북유럽등에서는 뼈들이 발견된것으로 유명하다.
이 메머드종의 최초의 기록은 유라시아의 제2 마지막 빙하에서이다. (아마도15만년전) ....
The woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), also called the tundra mammoth, is an extinct species of mammoth. This animal is known from bones and frozen carcasses from northern North America and northern Eurasia with the best preserved carcasses in Siberia.
This mammoth species was first recorded in (possibly 150,000 years old) deposits of the second last glaciation in Eurasia. They were derived from steppe mammoths (Mammuthus trogontherii).
It disappeared from most of its range at the end of the pleistocene, however on Wrangel Island a breed of dwarf woolly mammoth survived until roughly 1,700 B.C
Woolly mammoths had a number of adaptations to the cold, most famously the thick layer of shaggy hair, up to 50 cm (20in) long, for which the woolly mammoth is named. They also had far smaller ears than modern elephants; the largest mammoth ear found so far was only a foot (30 cm) long, compared to six feet (1.8 m) for an African elephant. They had a flap of hairy skin which covered the anus, keeping out the cold.[citation needed]
Their teeth were also adapted to their diet of coarse tundra grasses, with more plates and a higher crown than their southern relatives. Their skin was no thicker than that of present-day elephants, but unlike elephants they had numerous sebaceous glands in their skin which secreted greasy fat into their hair, improving its insulating qualities. They had a layer of fat up to 8 cm (3 in) thick under the skin which, like the blubber of whales, helped to keep them warm.
Reconstruction
Woolly mammoths had extremely long tusks - up to 16 feet (5 m) long - which were markedly curved, to a much greater extent than those of elephants. It is not clear whether the tusks were a specific adaptation to their environment, but it has been suggested that mammoths may have used their tusks as shovels to clear snow from the ground and reach the vegetation buried below. This is evidenced by flat sections on the ventral surface of some tusks. It has also been observed in many specimens that there may be an amount of wear on top of the tusk that would suggests some animals had a preference as to which tusk it rested its trunk on.
